personas on social media platforms….” ( US Department of Justice, 2018). Petersburg conducted “information warfare” against the United State by using “fictitious U.S. The February 2018 US grand-jury indictment states that the Internet Research Agency (IRA) in St. Professional Russian trolling is malevolent and murky. They include a hard-money faculty position, a funded PhD student, and a funded masters student.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. įunding: This work was entirely funded by hard-money positions at Columbia University. Additionally, the cleaned datasets and replication codes have been uploaded on openicpsr-150542. Pricing and contacts are available from their websites: The authors didn’t receive any special privileges in accessing the data from either source. Historical betting data from Betfair and PredictIT are available upon purchase.

see here: The only restricted data are those on daily presidential odds. The weather data are available here: Twitter itself disclosed the tweets it thought were surreptitiously Russian, e.g. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The Russian holiday information are publicly available. Received: ApAccepted: FebruPublished: March 30, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Almond et al. Citation: Almond D, Du X, Vogel A (2022) Reduced trolling on Russian holidays and daily US Presidential election odds.

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